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Contents

Introduction

Entering Questions and Answers

Including a Reading Text

Turning Your Quiz into Web Pages

Configuring the Output

The File Menu

The Edit Menu

The Manage Questions Menu

The Options Menu

The Help Menu

Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer

Posting Quizzes on a Web Server

How the Quizzes Work

Limitations

Pedagogical Issues

Welcome and Help Files

Using a Timer

Contributing a Configuration File

Upper-ASCII Characters

Future Developments

About Half-Baked Software

Why This Program Is Free

Installing and Uninstalling JBC

Troubleshooting

Problems Importing an HTML File

Display Problems

Getting Support

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Introduction

Welcome to JBC. This program is designed for people authoring educational material for the World Wide Web. It enables you to create interactive multiple-choice quizzes in any language based on the Roman character set. Quizzes can have up to 25 questions, with up to four answers per question. You can also include a reading passage or some other source material, which will be displayed at the same time as the quiz questions. Users interact with the quizzes by choosing and clicking on correct answers, and receive feedback and a score on the basis of the answers they choose.

JBC quizzes are created in HTML  and JavaScript , but you don't need to know anything about these languages to create quizzes with this program.

Running the Tutorial

If you have not yet done so, you might want to run the tutorial by choosing Tutorial from the Help menu.  The tutorial includes an example of a JBC-generated quiz.  Running the tutorial should start up your Web browser  program; if JBC is not able to find your browser, please start it manually and open the file tutor1.html in the jbc\tutorial\ folder.

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Entering Questions and Answers

When you first start up JBC, you will see something like this at the top of the screen:

You can enter the title of your quiz in the edit box labelled Title. Below this, you will see the number of the question currently displayed, with spin buttons next to it. You can enter question one in the box next to the spin buttons. When you have entered all the answers and feedback for this question, press the spin button to move on to the next question. You can also move between questions by using the Page Up and Page Down keys.

Below the question box, you will see something like this:

This is where you enter the first possible answer for the question (Answer A). If Answer A is correct, click on the little box to the left to place a check mark there. (Note that more than one answer can be correct -- just check all the answers which are acceptable.)

On the right of the Answer A box, you will see this:

This is where you enter the feedback that you want to user to see if they choose this answer. Your feedback may be as simple as "Correct!" or "Wrong!", or it may be a more complex response intended to help the learner towards a correct response.

Each answer must have some feedback and at least one answer must be designated as correct in order for your quiz to work properly.

At the bottom of the screen, you will see six buttons. These buttons provide quick access to basic functions also available from the menus. To find out about the New, Open quiz, Save quiz, To Web, and Quit buttons, see the help information on the File Menu. for information on the Configure button, see Configuring the Output.

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Including a Reading Text

If you choose Add Reading Text from the File Menu, you will see the following screen:

This screen enables you to enter text directly into the program to create a reading passage to go with your quiz questions. Ordinary edit functions are available from the Edit menu, and there is also a Font menu which enables you to change the font face, style, size, colour etc. for this screen. Note that these font features will not be included in the Web page output -- this is only to enable you to choose a comfortable working font within the JBC program.

When you have finished entering your text, you can choose the [image] button to make your text part of the quiz. If you decide to remove the text, you can do so with the [image] button. The [image] button closes this screen and returns you to the main screen. If you want to make changes to your reading text, choose Add Reading Text from the File Menu again.

This method of entering a text limits the control you have over the final output -- it does not allow you to include rich text features. However, there is another way of using a reading text in the JBC program. You can also import an external HTML  file created with an HTML editor or a word-processor. This is done through the Export to Web dialog box, and is explained in the help topic Turning Your Quiz into Web Pages.

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Turning Your Quiz into Web Pages

If you choose Export to Web from the File Menu, or click on the [image] button, you will see a dialog box from which you can choose options for making Web pages from your quiz. At the top left of the dialog box, you will see a section related to the reading text:

If you have entered a reading text into your quiz, the first option will be selected. If you have not typed in a reading text, the second option will be selected, indicating that the quiz will consist of questions only. Choosing the third option will enable you to import a text in the form of an HTML  file. Choosing this option enables the Browse button so that you can find the external file on your disk:

Note that if you use an external file in this way, the original file will remain unchanged. JBC will simply read in the file, make some minor changes, and save it with another name.

Whenever you include a reading text, you can also choose to include a timer on that page if you wish. The timer will count down the number of minutes you specify, starting from when the page loads in the user's browser , and when the time has elapsed, the reading text page will disappear, replaced by a message explaining that the time is over. The timer is not intended to be a secure device for testing purposes; the user can easily retrieve the text by pressing the browser's "Back" button.

On the right of the dialog box, you will see two option buttons that allow you to choose whether or not to generate new Welcome and Help files. If you have already created other quizzes with the same configuration file, there is no need to generate these files again. For more information on Welcome and Help files, see

Welcome and Help Files and Configuring the Output.

On the lower right, you will see a "Summary" box. This tells you exactly what files will be produced when you export your quiz to HTML format.

Finally, at the bottom of the dialog box, are three buttons. The [image] button generates the HTML files from your quiz. The [image] and [image] buttons are self-explanatory.

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Configuring the Output

When JBC creates a set of Web pages, it uses a number of strings of text to make button captions such as "Help", frame headings such as "Multiple-Choice Questions" and even the Welcome and Help files the user will see. These strings of text are kept in a configuration file with a .jcf extension. By default, the program loads the "default.jcf" file, which contains English text strings. However, sample configuration files in other languages are included with the program, and you can also modify these or create your own, in any language supported by the standard version of Windows 95.

To do this, choose Configure Output from the Options menu, or press the [image] button, to load the Configuration screen. On the left of the screen, you will see this:

This is a stylized representation of a JBC quiz, showing its three frames. (If no reading text is included in the final output, the whole window will be taken up with the right two frames). Here you can see where each string of text in the configuration file will be used in the Web version of the quiz. By clicking on a frame, you can cause the tabbed notebook on the right to show the strings of text related to that frame.

The tabbed notebook allows you to change the strings of text to anything you wish. Use the [image] button to load and view one or two of the alternative configuration files supplied with the program. This will give you some idea of how configuration files work. When you have configured your output strings to your satisfaction, you can choose to [image] your configuration file, overwriting the one currently loaded. You can also use the [image] button to save your file with a different name. The [image] button accepts your configuration into the program, so that it will be used to generate Web pages from your quiz.

When JBC is closed and restarted, it will automatically load the configuration file you were last using. You will see the name of that file displayed in the status bar of the main (question and answer) screen, and in the status bar of the Export screen. You will also see it in the title bar of the Configuration screen.

Credits

The following people contributed the configuration files included with the program:

Finnish: Matti Karjalainen

French: Gerry Luton

German: Peter Gõlz

Welsh: Eifion Pritchard

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The File Menu

Many of the functions on the File Menu are duplicated in the buttons at the bottom of the screen. These are the File Menu functions:

New (or the [image] button) clears the program and allows you to start creating a new quiz.

Open (or the [image] button) allows you to open a previously-saved quiz. Quizzes are saved with a .jbc extension (see below).

Save (or the [image] button) saves the file you are currently working on. A saved JBC file includes all questions, answers, and feedback, as well as any reading text you have entered into the quiz using the Add Reading Text screen. You can re-open any quiz to make changes to it, and then re-generate Web page files from it. Note that JBC cannot open a quiz from Web pages; if you do not save the quiz as a .jbc file, you will not be able to make changes to it later.

Save As enables you to save the current file with a different name.

Add Reading Text enables you to type in a reading text for your quiz. See

Including a Reading Text for more information on this.

Export to Web (or the [image] button) allows you to create Web pages from your quiz. See Turning Your Quiz into Web Pages for more information on this.

Export for Printing sends a copy of the quiz questions and answers to the Windows Clipboard, so that you can paste it into another program for printing. If you have inserted a reading text using Add Reading Text, it will be included before the questions. Note that this version of the quiz does not include any indication of which answers are correct.

Exit (or the [image] button) closes the program.

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The Edit Menu

The Edit Menu contains some of the ordinary functions you would expect to find in a program in which text is edited. Note that if you right-click on any text box in JBC, a pop- up edit menu will appear. This menu has Undo and Delete functions as well as those on the Edit Menu at the top of the screen.

Cut cuts the selected text to the clipboard.

Copy places a copy of selected text on the clipboard.

Paste pastes the contents of the clipboard into the active text box (where the cursor is currently located).

Select All selects all the text in the active text box.

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The Manage Questions Menu

One question in a JBC quiz can have nine or more pieces of information associated with it. Changing the order of your questions by deleting or moving each of these pieces of information individually would be frustrating. The Manage Questions Menu allows you to insert, delete, and rearrange questions in your quiz simply and easily, and to fill in blank responses with a "stock" response. These are its main functions:

View Quiz Outline launches a screen in which you can see the questions of your quiz and rearrange them by dragging and dropping:

Each question appears with a little document icon attached to its question number. To move questions around, click and drag the document icon:

And drop it over the question number you want to move it to:

The remaining questions will be re-arranged automatically. When you are happy with the new order of your questions, press the [image] button to return to the main screen. If you do not want to keep your changes, press the [image] button.

Delete Question allows you to specify the number of a question to be deleted from the quiz. The other questions will automatically be moved up to fill the empty space.

Insert Question allows you to insert a new question in the middle of your quiz. Again, existing questions will be moved automatically to create a space for the new question.

Move Question allows you to specify a question to move, and a new position to move it to. Other questions in the quiz will be rearranged automatically.

Auto-Response is a time-saving function. Usually, when you are writing a quiz, you will probably want to give unique and useful responses for every answer, so that both wrong and right answers represent an opportunity for the student to learn, and the quiz is truly interactive. Sometimes, however, you will find that there is no useful unique response to give when a particular answer is chosen. You may end up with responses such as "Correct!" or "Sorry! Try again." scattered throughout your quiz. In order to avoid typing these responses repeatedly, you can use Auto-Response. Simply leave the feedback boxes blank for those answers, and then choose Auto-Response. You will be prompted for a "stock response" for all correct answers, and another one for all incorrect answers. Enter the responses you want to use, and the blank spaces in your quiz will be filled in automatically.

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The Options Menu

The Options Menu has only three items:

Configure Output (the same as pressing the [image] button) launches the Configuration screen. See Configuring the Output for more information on this.

Font... allows you to change the font face, size, colour and style for the on-screen display of your questions and answers. Note that this does not have any effect on the Web pages produced by the program; only the on-screen font will be changed.

Show Hints (selected by default) controls the display of hints in the status bar at the bottom of the screen. At first, these hints may be very useful in helping you to master JBC, but once you are comfortable with the program, you may find the hints distracting. Use this option to turn them off.

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The Help Menu

The Help Menu has only three items:

About JBC tells you the version number and copyright information.

Tutorial launches your Web browser  and loads the interactive tutorial into it. For more information on this, see the last part of the Introduction.

Help Topics launches this help file. Note that JBC has fully context-sensitive help, so pressing the F1 key at any time should bring you to a help topic related to what you are currently trying to do.

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Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer
Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer

JBC quizzes are HTML  pages which use JavaScript  to implement their interactivity. Both Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer support JavaScript, but Microsoft's version (JScript) has some minor variations which can cause compatibility problems. The only way that this might affect JBC quizzes is if single or double quotation marks (including apostrophes) are used in the feedback to questions. In this case, some version of Internet Explorer will raise a JavaScript error. If you are sure that all your users will be using Netscape Navigator, this is not a problem; however, if you wish to allow for users running Internet Explorer, you will need to ensure that you don't use apostrophes or quotation marks in the feedback sections of your questions (note that this does not affect the questions, answers or reading text -- only the feedback). JBC will warn you if it finds quotations or apostrophes when you try to export a quiz. You can then remove them if necessary (replacing can't with cannot and so on).

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Posting Quizzes on a Web Server

JBC will create all the files you need to make your quizzes work. However, you will need to make sure that all the required files are placed in the same directory on a Web server (or on a local server or workstation, if that is how your users will access them). You can place many quizzes in the same directory, but remember that they will all have to use the same Welcome and Help files. If you want to use different Welcome and Help files, for example for quizzes in different languages, or for different levels of learner, make sure each set of quizzes resides in its own directory with its own Welcome and Help files.

Note that you should also warn your users that for these quizzes to work, JavaScript  needs to be enabled in their browsers. Some people disable JavaScript for security reasons or to speed up Web surfing.

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How the Quizzes Work

This is a slightly technical explanation of the workings of JBC quizzes. If you're not interested, you don't need to know this, so please don't worry about reading it! If you haven't looked at a JBC quiz yet, start the Tutorial from the Help menu, and navigate through it until you find the example quiz. You might want to keep that open in your browser  while you read this explanation.

This describes the main files in a full quiz (with a reading text). A quiz with no reading text is simpler, consisting only of the right frames. These are the main documents in a quiz called myquiz:

myquiz.htm

This is a frameset document which says "make two frames, one on the left and one on the right. Put myquizt.htm (the reading text) into the left frame. Put myquizr.htm (the right frameset document) into the right frame."

myquizt.htm

The reading text page has only two interactive elements. The timer (if one is included) is a simple JavaScript  function that counts down the time, and when the specified number of minutes has elapsed, it rewrites its own frame with a "Time's Up" message, replacing the reading text. At the bottom of the reading text is a JavaScript back button, which will take the user back to the page they were  viewing before loading the quiz.

myquizr.htm

This is the right frameset document. This says "make two frames, a small one at the top and a larger one at the bottom. Load welcome.htm into the top frame and myquizq.htm (the multiple-choice questions document) into the bottom frame".

welcome.htm

This file is generated from the Configuration File. It may contain simply the word "Welcome", and it will be displayed when the user first loads the quiz.

help.htm

This file is also generated from information in the Configuration File. If the user clicks on the "Help" button in the question frame, this file will be loaded into the top right frame, displaying help information on how to use the quiz.

myquizq.htm

The question-and-answer document contains most of the real meat of the quiz. When a user clicks on the answer to a question, some information is passed to a JavaScript function in the header of the page. This information includes whether the answer is correct or not, and the feedback specified for that answer. The JavaScript displays the feedback by writing to the top right frame (replacing the Welcome or Help information). It also calculates a score and displays this. Finally, if the question has been answered correctly, it "remembers" this, and disables the answers to that question, so that the user cannot answer it again. When all questions have been answered correctly, an appropriate message is displayed.

You can examine the JavaScript functions used here by looking at any JBC quiz files with the suffix ...t.htm (the reading text) and ...q.htm (the question page).

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Limitations

This program should produce quizzes that work well on the vast majority of browsers currently used on the World Wide Web. However, there are several limitations to be aware of when using JBC:

Old Browsers

JBC quizzes will not work with versions of browsers that do not support JavaScript . This means versions of Netscape before version 2.x, and versions of Internet Explorer before version 3.x (see Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer for more information on specific limitations relating to Internet Explorer and JavaScript).

Disabled JavaScript

If the user disables JavaScript in his or her browser , the quizzes will not function. Users should be warned of this.

Limit of 25 Questions

This version of JBC limits the number of questions in one quiz to 25. The reason for this is that each question, in the compiled HTML  quiz, contains a lot of text. A quiz with more than 25 questions can be a very long document, which takes a long time to download over a slow Web connection, and may cause memory problems for users with older hardware and older versions of browsers. In addition, creating and managing longer quizzes can be awkward. If you want to create larger quizzes, we recommend that you break them up into linked sections.

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Pedagogical Issues

Many educationalists despise the multiple-choice question and rail against it. Nevertheless, it has been with us for a long time and shows little sign of disappearing. We take no position on whether multiple-choice questions are a good way to teach or test; however, it does seem that, by making them interactive and allowing feedback to be specified for each answer, correct or incorrect, the multiple-choice quiz becomes a more effective teaching tool. It is perfectly possible to limit the feedback to "Correct" and "Incorrect", but a little time spent on selecting good distractors and crafting helpful feedback will surely make a quiz much more of a learning experience.

The time-limit on reading texts is not intended to make quizzes into timed tests -- in fact, simply pressing the browser's "back" button will bring back a reading text that has disappeared. Rather, our intention in including this option is to provide students with some guide as to the expected reading speed, especially for students who are studying for tests (such as the TOEFL) where they will need to read as rapidly as possible consistent with accurate comprehension.

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Welcome and Help Files

Every quiz needs a Welcome File and a Help file in order to function properly. These are always saved with the same names: welcome.htm and help.htm. The function of these files is as follows:

welcome.htm

This file is shown in the top right frame of the browser  when the quiz is first loaded. It may consist simply of the word "Welcome", in the appropriate language, or it may contain some more detailed information that the user needs, such as "Please make sure JavaScript  is enabled in your browser".

help.htm

This file is loaded into the same frame when the user presses the Help button on the quiz page. It may contain any instructions or information you want to give the student or user of your quiz, to help them interact with it. For a language quiz, the help file may be written in the target language, or in the first language of the user if you feel this would be helpful.

You can change the information included in these two files through the Configuration screen. The files are then generated whenever you turn your quiz into Web pages. However, in most circumstances, you will only need to generate one welcome file and one help file for a whole set of quizzes aimed at the same students -- you don't need to generate new copies of the same files every time you make a new quiz. You might, for example, put ten intermediate French quizzes in one directory on your Web server, with only one copy of the welcome file and one of the help file; all the quizzes will then show the same welcome and help information. Remember, though, that in order for a quiz to work properly, these two files must be in the same directory or folder as the other quiz files.

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Using a Timer

When you export your quiz to create Web pages, if you include a reading text, you have the option of including a timer. This will show up on the Web page looking something like this:

The function of the timer is to give some guide to the student regarding the length of time he or she should spend reading the text. The timer begins counting down from the moment the user loads the page, and when the time has elapsed, the reading text will disappear, to be replaced with a "Time's Up" message. You may wish to inform your users that the text can be retrieved simply by pressing the "Back" button in the browser . (However, you may not!)

This function is not intended to create secure timed tests (which would be very difficult using only client-side JavaScript ). The timer is only meant to be used as a guide to help improve students' reading speed.

For more information on how to include a timer in your reading text, see

Turning Your Quiz into Web Pages.

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Contributing a Configuration File

A small number of configuration files in other languages are included with JBC, but we would like to be able to make more available to users. If you create a new configuration file -- especially in a language other than English -- please consider sending it to us by e-mail. Contact Martin Holmes at 76717.2477@compuserve.com. We will try to make contributed files available to all our users through the World Wide Web.

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Customizing the Output

If you are familiar with HTML  and JavaScript , you may wish to make your own changes to the files created by JBC in order to customize your quizzes. Feel free to do this, although we would ask that you don't remove the link to the JBC homepage -- we'd like other users to be able to get information about the program if they wish.

If you do wish to make changes to the generated files, it may help you to know that the only two colours used in the pages (except for black and white) are a dark red (hex number BA050A) and a dark blue (hex 150890). A simple search-and-replace will enable you to change these colours to anything you like. If you edit the files directly, be careful not to change any of the JavaScript code, or the quiz may not function properly.

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Upper-ASCII Characters

JBC is a Windows 95 program, and you can enter text into it using any Windows 95 keyboard setup -- accented characters for non-English languages are fully supported. Accented characters are part of the "upper-ASCII" set, meaning that their ASCII numbers are usually above 127. Although the lower ASCII set, comprising basic English characters and punctuation marks, is identical on the IBM-compatible PC and the Macintosh, their upper-ASCII sets differ. This means that, for instance, an acute-accented "é" entered on a Windows machine may show up as a completely different character on a Macintosh. Upper-ASCII characters can cause problems, therefore, on Web pages, which may be viewed by users with different operating systems.

To get around this problem, browsers such as Netscape understand a set of escape codes for upper-ASCII characters -- é, for example, is coded in HTML  as &eacute;. JBC automatically changes all upper-ASCII characters into their HTML escape codes, so that your quizzes should appear the same on both Macs and PCs, whatever language you are using.

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Future Developments

HTML , JavaScript  and the other languages of the World Wide Web are in continuous and rapid development. It is entirely likely that in the near future, much more elegant ways of presenting interactive quizzes will be possible on the Web (perhaps using Dynamic HTML). If this comes to pass, there is no reason why JBC cannot be updated to produce a different kind of output. The mechanisms for entering questions, saving files and so on need not change -- multiple-choice is multiple-choice, after all -- but we will probably create new output routines for the program which take advantage of changes and developments in the Web and its languages, and enable you to recompile all your quizzes in a new format if you should wish to. Stay tuned to our Web site for news.

We are also working (slowly, it must be said) on a Macintosh version of this program...

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About Half-Baked Software

OK, we admit it: Half-Baked Software doesn't really exist. We're actually three people who work together at the University of Victoria, BC, Canada:

Martin Holmes is an ESL teacher and Web materials developer who programs with Delphi and Visual Basic in his spare time. He coded this program using Delphi 2. You can see more of his programs at:

http://www.net-shopper.co.uk/creative/education/languages/martin

Stewart Arneil is a Macintosh developer and programmer who helps faculty members to create and manage Web-based materials. He contributed to the design of the JavaScript  pages, and worked on many of the basic ideas. He's supposed to be coding the Mac version when he gets around to it.

Hilary Street is a graphics designer who creates Web graphics for University projects.

This program was created in our own time, and is not a University project.

The name "Half-Baked Software" was based on Hilary's lovely splash-screen graphic, created by scanning his hand holding a potato. We are all potato-eaters.

You can contact Martin at 76717.2477@compuserve.com.

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Why This Program Is Free

We believe that education, and the tools which enable it to take place, should be free. This is not always practical, but when it's our program, we can give it away. If you've found this program useful, or if you have any comments on it, please let us know. We like feedback, and we'd like to know where our work is being used.

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Installing and Uninstalling JBC

If you want to get rid of JBC, you can use the uninstaller included with the program. You can also simply delete the JBC directory or folder from your hard drive. JBC installs no files anywhere except its own folder, so no files will be left cluttering up your Windows or Windows\System folders.

If you are short of hard drive space, and you are already comfortable with using the program, you can delete the Tutorial directory and its contents without  any effect on the functioning of the program (except that choosing Tutorial from the Help Menu will result in an error message, since the files will no longer be there).

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Problems Importing an HTML File

When you try to import an external HTML  file as a reading text, JBC parses the file to find the correct positions to add extra information to the file. To do this, it looks for basic HTML tags such as <HTML>, <HEAD>, </HEAD>, <BODY>, </BODY>, and </HTML>. If one of these key tags is missing, the program will not be able to complete the import operation.

To remedy this, open your HTML file in a text editor or an HTML editor and insert the tags which are missing.

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Getting Support

We are very happy to provide support by e-mail for all users of this program -- in fact, we like to get feedback, so please feel free to write. Contact the author, Martin Holmes, at:

76717.2477@compuserve.com

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Display Problems

If your quiz doesn't look right

If you create a quiz which has very short answers -- for example, if all the answers are either True or False -- then you may find that when you view the quiz in your browser  there is a large gap between the letter of the answer and the answer itself, like this:

a)	True

b)	False

This is caused by the fact that these items are displayed in an HTML  table. There is a simple solution to it. Just add a lot of spaces to the end of the first answer in your quiz, then export it to HTML again. The display should then look more like this:

a)    True

b)    False

You need only do this for one answer -- the effect will be shown in the whole page.

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Glossary

B

browser

C

Configuration file

F

Feedback

H

HTML

J

JavaScript


Feedback

The response that the user sees after selecting a multiple-choice answer.


Configuration file

A file containing strings of text which are used to create the instructions, button captions, help file and so on for a quiz. Different configuration files can be created for quizzes in different languages, or for students at different levels.


browser

A program designed for viewing Web pages on the World Wide Web. The most common are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer.


JavaScript

A simple computer language that can be used to make Web pages interactive. JBC quizzes use JavaScript to display responses, calculate scores and so on when a student is interacting with a quiz.


HTML

HyperText Markup Language: the simple language in which World Wide Web pages are written.